4A Notice variability of outcomes when a simple event is repeated.

4B Explain distribution of observed outcomes by reference to the physical structure of the chance device.

4C Recognize that an unlikely string of outcomes is possible and even expected over many repetitions of the event.

4D Recognize that, with enough repetitions of an event, the relative frequency of an outcome will approach its theoretical probability.

4E Use a statistic (e.g., mean or median) on sets of outcomes from repeated events to estimate the probability of a target outcome.

5 Investigating Chance